Patient-Worn Bracelet for Real-Time Heart Rate and SpO₂ Monitoring with Predictive Health Analysis in Hospital and Remote Settings

Abstract

This study presents a wearable health monitoring system designed as a smart structural system that integrates mechanical design, and embedded sensing to continuously track heart rate and SpO₂ levels in real time. The need for such a system arises from the growing demand for accessible healthcare, particularly for individuals with limited access to regular medical check-ups. Hospitals face challenges in providing timely care due to overwhelming workloads when staff are responsible for monitoring many patients. This system addresses that issue by offering a tool that facilitates more efficient patient monitoring through intelligent material-structure integration. The system integrates a MAX30102 sensor with an ESP32-C3 Xiao microcontroller and uses fuzzy logic algorithms to classify health conditions, such as Normal or Hypoxemia, in real time. Data is wirelessly transmitted from the sensor to a mobile application using Bluetooth BLE and is then stored in a Firebase database for easy access by healthcare professionals. The mobile application provides healthcare providers with immediate access to the latest health data, allowing them to take action if needed. Testing demonstrated successful real-time data transmission with classification accuracy of health status categories. The system reduces the physical effort required by healthcare staff to check on patients individually, offering a more efficient method of monitoring. Energy efficiency analysis shows optimized power consumption enabling extended battery life suitable for continuous monitoring. This study represents a practical and sustainable solution for enhancing healthcare delivery by allowing for remote monitoring of patients and improving workflow in medical settings. The system is designed with scalability and sustainability in mind, incorporating recyclable materials and modular components that facilitate future upgrades or sensor additions.